Risk Assessment Analysis of Accelerated Gully Erosion in Ikpoba Okha Local Government Area of Edo State, Nigeria
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The problem of accelerated erosion has been on in Ikpoba-Okha Local Government Area (LGA) in particular and Nigeria at large for some decades now and all past attempts at solving the problem have proved ineffective and thus constituting risk to the people living around the gullies in the area. Therefore, this study aimed at determining sediment loss from the gully sites, the vulnerable areas and threat posed by impact of gullies in the study LGA. Oregbeni Housing Estate and Ede School gully erosion sites in the Ikpoba-Okha LGA were purposively selected for this study. Primary data were collected using GPS receiver.These include the geographic coordinates and elevation of the study gullies catchments which were integrated with the secondary data obtained from satellite image, topographic, geologic, road and lay out maps of the area using Arc GIS 9.3 software. The results of the satellite image classification analysis showed that accelerated gully erosion accounted for 2% (100466.57 m2) of the total areal extent of the study LGA (5189010.57 m2). Of this 2%, Queen Ede School gully accounted for 96957.13 m2. The total estimated sediment loss from Queen Ede School and Oregbeni Housing Estate gullies were 359,173.22 and 48,212.62 tonnes, respectively. These indicated severe land degradation in the study area.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".