The effect of the return fields of magnetized grains on flux trapping in type II superconductors
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Several workers have reported on the observation of a peak, in the magnetic flux trapped by polycrystalline type II superconductors, when plotted versus the cooling fields from TC, and versus the magnitude of the half-cycle fields applied after zero-field cooling. We report on our observations of this behavior in a niobium sample and present a detailed model which accounts for these observations. The crucial feature of the model is that it takes into account the effect of the return magnetic field of the magnetized grains on the macroscopic continuous intergranular persistent critical currents induced to circulate in the specimen by the externally applied magnetic field. Our analysis indicates that attempts to trap magnetic fields, greater than the calculated peaks, inside hollow and solid cylinders can lead to significantly diminished results. Our analysis may also apply in calculations of hysteresis losses in type II superconducting cables.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it