Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this study, we detected the spatial and temporal characteristics of Madden‐Julian Oscillation (MJO) using zonal winds at the surface and outgoing long‐wave radiation (OLR) from the NCEP‐NCAR (U.S. National Center of Environmental Prediction‐National Center for Atmospheric Research) reanalysis product from 1981–2003. The results show that MJO activity, represented by these two variables, has large variances around 10° off the equator and over the near‐equatorial western Pacific. One central issue addressed in this study is MJO‐ENSO (El Niño and Southern Oscillation) relationship. It has been found that there exists a statistically significant relationship between MJO in spring‐summer and ENSO in autumn‐winter. The relationship of MJO‐ENSO is nonlinear in nature and has a decadal variation. A much stronger statistical relationship of MJO‐ENSO was found in the 1990s as compared to that in the 1980s. These findings were further verified using ECMWF (European Center for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts) reanalysis product. The potential mechanisms responsible for MJO‐ENSO relationship are also discussed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".