Effects of Sustained Load and Freeze-Thaw Exposure on RC Beams Strengthened with Prestressed NSM-CFRP Strips
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
An experimental program was conducted to investigate the combined effects of sustained load and freeze-thaw cycling exposure on the flexural behaviour of reinforced concrete (RC) beams strengthened in flexure using prestressed Near-Surface Mounted (NSM) Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) strips. Two sets of five large-scale simply supported rectangular RC beams (sets BS-F and BS-FS) were tested. Each set consisted of one un-strengthened control beam and four beams strengthened using NSM-CFRP strips prestressed to 0, 20, 40, and 60% of the CFRP ultimate tensile strength. After strengthening, the beams from set BS-F were exposed to 500 freeze-thaw cycles. The beams from set BS-FS were exposed to 500 freeze-thaw cycles; simultaneously, each beam in this set was subjected to a sustained load representing 47% of the theoretical ultimate capacity of the non-prestressed NSM-CFRP strengthened beam. Thereafter, the beams were tested at room temperature under static monotonic loading in four-point bending configuration until failure. The damage done to the beams due to environmental exposure and long-term loading was evaluated, and furthermore, the effects of sustained load and freeze-thaw exposure were discussed on the load-deflection response, type of failure, ductility, energy absorption, and strain in CFRP strips. Analysis of the results revealed the significant effects of the sustained load and freeze-thaw cycling exposure on the flexural performance of RC beams strengthened with prestressed and non-prestressed NSM-CFRP strips.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it