New Viscosity Data for CuO-Water Nanofluid – The Hysteresis Phenomenon Revisited
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
In the present work, we have experimentally investigated the stability and hysteresis behaviors of CuO-water nanofluid when submitted to a repeated heating and cooling process. Data has shown that for a low particle volume concentration, 1.6% in particular, the hysteresis phenomenon did not occur for the temperature range considered. For a higher particle concentration, 5% in particular, the hysteresis behaviour was clearly observed when fluid temperature exceeded 52°C approximately. Beyond this critical temperature, the nanofluid viscosity has increased, and such an increase even continued with a decrease of temperature during the cooling phase. Subsequent measured viscosity and observations in laboratory after the first occurrence of the hysteresis phenomenon have confirmed that the alterations on the particle suspension and on the nanofluid stability appear indeed permanent. Such alterations were found to worsen with further heating/cooling cycles.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it