Magnetic resonance imaging of two-component liquid-liquid flow in a circular capillary tube
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Two-component liquid-liquid Poiseuille flow through a circular pipe with a "Y junction" has been investigated theoretically, but few experimental studies exist. Here we report a simple microfluidic two-component flow measurement in a capillary tube with magnetic-resonance imaging (MRI). Velocity mapping of both liquids has been achieved using spin-echo pure phase encoding techniques combined with chemical shift imaging. Images of 32 × 32 μm2 resolution were obtained for a channel of circular cross section (internal radius R=400 μm). The results are in agreement with the theoretical prediction of liquid-liquid flow. This report is to validate theoretical liquid-liquid Poiseuille velocity distribution predictions with a high-resolution MRI method. This MRI method is shown to be a versatile tool for the study of multicomponent flow in microfluidic systems.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".