Early changes in respiratory health in trades' apprentices and physician visits for respiratory illnesses later in life
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: An inception cohort of trades' apprentices had rapid declines in lung function (forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV(1))) and rapid increases in bronchial responsiveness ( upward arrowBR) over the first 2 years of employment. We used physician visit data to assess respiratory health over the following 13 years. METHODS: Construction painter, electrician, insulator and machinist apprentices beginning at a British Columbia trade school in 1988 were invited to participate and were followed up 2 years later. Subjects were linked to provincial medical databases to examine physician visits for asthma and other respiratory illnesses for the 13 years following. Multivariable models with rapid decline in FEV(1) and rapid increase in BR from years 1 to 3 were constructed. Respiratory symptoms were also examined as predictors of visit rates and meeting a case definition (for asthma or other respiratory illness). RESULTS: The cohort included 281 apprentices (97% are men). Sixteen subjects met the asthma case definition (>or=2 visits coded as asthma in 1 year) and 20 met the other respiratory illness case definition (>or=3 visits for bronchitis, emphysema, respiratory symptoms in 1 year). In models controlling for demographic factors and smoking, subjects with bronchitis symptoms at baseline were more likely to develop other respiratory illness during follow-up (RR 4.4, 95% CI 1.6 to 11.9). Apprentices who developed asthma symptoms over the first 2 years were approximately six times more likely to become asthma cases (95% CI 1.9 to 18.8). Those with a rapid increase in BR were at increased risk of becoming asthma cases (RR 5.5, 95% CI 1.9 to 16.1), as well as having higher asthma visit rates (RR 6.5). Subjects with rapid decline in FEV(1) were 3.2 times more likely to become asthma cases (95% CI 0.8 to 12.1). CONCLUSIONS: Changes in respiratory health early in adulthood, especially increased BR, are associated with respiratory physician visits. These findings are important for workplace screening and prevention and also suggest that physician visit databases are promising research tools in respiratory epidemiology.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".