Herpes simplex type 1 shedding is associated with reduced hospital survival in patients receiving assisted ventilation in a tertiary referral intensive care unit
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The impact of shedding of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) on hospital survival of patients receiving assisted ventilation in an adult tertiary referral, acute trauma intensive care unit was assessed. The study was designed to address a clinical impression linking HSV-1 recovery with poor survival. Two hundred and forty-one males and 152 females were enrolled into a longitudinal cohort study. Combined throat swabs and tracheal secretions were tested for HSV-1 shedding using a nested nucleic acid amplification protocol; patients were ranked as nonshedders, shedders, and high-level shedders. Nonparametric analysis assessed the impact of shedding on hospital survival and logistic regression measured the confounding influence of sex, age, and the Acute Physiology, Age and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE II) score. Linear-by-linear association determined the influence of the level of shedding on hospital survival. The observed mortality rate was 113/393 (28.8%). Patients shedding HSV-1 106/393 (27%) had a significant reduction in hospital survival 66/106 (62%) in HSV-1 shedders compared with 217/287 (75.6%) in nonshedders (P = 0.002). This difference remained significant when adjusted for age and sex (P = 0.026). Respective mortality figures for HSV-1 shedders and nonshedders were 43/106 (40.6%) and 70/287 (24.4%) (P = 0.002). HSV-1 shedding was associated with a significant reduction in hospital survival amongst patients receiving assisted ventilation. Hospital mortality in HSV-1 shedders was increased by 16.2% over nonshedders. The role of HSV-1 in this setting needs to be addressed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".