The efficacy of an intelligent cognitive orthosis to facilitate handwashing by persons with moderate to severe dementia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Dementia reduces a person's ability to perform activities of daily living (ADL) because of the difficulty of remembering the proper sequence of events that must occur and how to use the required tools. The current solution is to have a caregiver continually provide verbal prompts. Family caregivers find assisting their loved ones to be particularly upsetting and embarrassing as it necessitates invasion of privacy and role reversal. It has been suggested that dependence on a caregiver might be improved using a cognitive orthosis that provides needed reminders and monitors progress. This paper will report on the results obtained from an efficacy study conducted with such a device. The COACH is a prototype of an intelligent computerised device that was developed to assist people with dementia complete ADLs with less dependence on a caregiver. The device was developed using a personal computer and a single video camera to unobtrusively track a user during an ADL and provided pre-recorded verbal prompts when necessary. It was tested with 10 subjects with moderate to severe dementia during handwashing in a study lasting 60 days. These trials showed that the number of handwashing steps that the subjects were able to complete without assistance from the caregiver increased overall by approximately 25% when the device was present. Individual changes ranged from approximately 10-45%. These changes were proven to be statistically significant at a 99% confidence level.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".