Effects of Prostaglandin E1 on Vascular ATP-Sensitive Potassium Channels
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) has been reported to activate ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels, which induces vasorelaxation. However, direct evidence of PGE1 interactions with vascular KATP channels is limited. METHODS: The present study investigated the effects and mechanisms of PGE1 on vascular KATP channels in both isometric tension and patch clamp experiments. Isometric tension experiments were performed in rat thoracic aortic rings without an endothelium. Electrophysiologic experiments were performed using patch-clamp techniques to monitor KATP channels in rat vascular smooth muscle cells. RESULTS: PGE1 significantly decreased the isometric tension in a concentration-dependent manner, which was partially inhibited by pretreating with a KATP channel inhibitor, glibenclamide (1 microM), or an inhibitor of protein kinase A (PKA), Rp-cAMPS (100 microM). Application of PGE1 to the bath solution during cell-attached recordings induced a significant increase in KATP channel activity, whereas PGE1 failed to activate KATP channels in the inside-out patches. The PGE1-induced KATP channel currents in cell-attached patches were abolished by pretreating with Rp-cAMPS (100 microM). CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that the activation of vascular KATP channels played an important role in the PKA-dependent PGE1-induced vasorelaxation. Furthermore, an electrophysiological experiment demonstrated that PGE1 activated vascular KATP channels via PKA activation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".