Aqueous sulphur dioxide leaching of Cu, Ni, Co, Zn and Fe from smelter slag in absence of oxygen
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Smelter slag and sulphur dioxide are waste products of non‐ferrous pyrometallurgical processes. Dissolution behaviour of Co, Cu, Fe, Ni and Zn from smelter slag in aqueous sulphur dioxide was studied. Experiments were carried out in batch mode, under near ambient conditions. Under the conditions studied, 81% Co, 60% Fe, 35% Ni and 68% Zn extraction were achieved within 3 h, while Cu behaved very differently. The initial dissolution of Cu was rapid, but subsequent precipitation lowered its overall extraction. The precipitation of Cu was more temperature sensitive than its dissolution. At 65°C all the dissolved Cu was precipitated in 2.5 h. The successive precipitation was explained based on the solution chemistry of the Cu‐Fe‐S(IV) system. Dissolution kinetics of the other metals were evaluated using the shrinking core model. Diffusion through the product/ash layer appeared to be the rate controlling step. SEM‐EDS analysis was used to characterize the slag and to confirm the existence of a product/ash layer after leaching.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".