Changes in Serum Calcium Levels Associated with Catheter‐Based Cerebral Angiography
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Digital subtraction angiography is performed with agents such as iodinated contrast and intravenous heparin, which can alter electrolyte levels. If severe enough, these alterations may produce symptoms in patients in the post-procedural period. We performed this study to evaluate serum calcium level changes after cerebral angiography. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The preangiographic and postangiographic serum calcium levels of 87 patients were reviewed and analyzed. Patients were grouped based on when the postangiographic serum calcium level was drawn in relation to the angiographic procedure (0-6 hours, 6-12 hours, 12-18 hours, and 18-24 hours). RESULTS: A significant reduction in serum calcium was observed in the 0- to 6-hours, 6- to 12-hours, and 12- to 18-hours groups (P < .05). The differences between the preangiographic and postangiographic serum calcium levels were 0.91 mg/dL, 0.59 mg/dL, and 0.55 mg/dL in the 0- to 6-hours, 6- to 12-hours, and 12- to 18-hours groups, respectively. The difference in the 18- to 24-hours group (0.27 mg/dL) was not statistically significant. None of the patients was clinically symptomatic from this decrease in serum calcium levels. CONCLUSION: An asymptomatic but significant decrease in serum calcium levels is seen following cerebral angiography. Possible mechanisms include chelation from the contrast agent or intravenous heparin. The reduction in serum calcium is transient, appearing to resolve within 24 hours.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".