Human Pituitary Corticotroph Adenomas in vitro: Morphologic and Functional Responses to Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone and Cortisol
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We examined the direct effects of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and cortisol on the morphology of cells from 6 functioning human pituitary corticotroph adenomas in culture using both light and electron microscopic morphometry and correlated the structural changes with alterations in adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) release in each case. During incubations lasting 2 or 24 h, ACTH release was increased by CRH and reduced by cortisol. After incubations lasting from 2 to 72 h, light microscopic morphometric analysis showed no significant differences in cell size, nuclear area, cytoplasmic area or nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio between treated and control adenoma cells. Ultrastructural morphometry documented increased cytoplasmic volume density (CVD) of rough endoplasmic reticulum and/or Golgi apparatus and reduced CVD of secretory granules in cells incubated with CRH. There was no consistent change in CVD of endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus or secretory granules in adenoma cells incubated with cortisol, but in all tumors there were marked filament accumulations indicating a direct effect of cortisol on adenomatous corticotrophs. The changes were similar after 2- and 72-hour exposures. These results indicate that (1) some adenomatous corticotrophs can respond to CRH and cortisol; (2) the morphologic changes observed in cells treated with CRH correlate with increased ACTH release, and (3) accumulation of filaments is the direct effect of cortisol and is associated with reduced ACTH release.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".