Histologic chorioamnionitis and umbilical serum levels of pro‐inflammatory cytokines and cytokine inhibitors
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To study 1. whether leucocyte infiltration in placenta tissues is associated with elevated umbilical serum levels of inflammatory mediators, and 2. whether leucocyte infiltration in the presence of neonatal disease is associated with additional increase in mediator levels. SETTING: University hospital. POPULATION: Two groups of women with either normal delivery (n = 82) or delivery complicated by prolonged rupture of the membranes, clinical signs of intrauterine infection or preterm labour (n = 139). METHODS: Umbilical cord blood and placenta tissues were collected after delivery. Placentas were classified as non-inflamed (i.e. without leucocyte infiltration, n = 74), or as mild (n = 84), or severe chorioamnionitis (n = 63). Mediator levels were compared between groups. RESULTS: Severe chorioamnionitis was associated with elevated levels of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)alpha, interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-6, IL-8, soluble TNF receptor p55 and p75, IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-IRA), and C-reactive protein compared with non-inflamed placentas (all P < 0.05). No differences were found between mild chorioamnionitis and placentas without infiltration. In all, 49 babies suffered from various perinatal diseases, such as clinical sepsis, respiratory distress and asphyxia, and 172 were healthy. Severe chorioamnionitis with subsequent neonatal disease (n = 23) had higher levels of all mediators, except IL-1beta and C-reactive protein, than severe chorioamnionitis without neonatal disease (n = 40, all P < 0.01), but severe chorioamnionitis was also accompanied by a more intense and widely distributed leucocyte infiltration when neonatal disease developed. CONCLUSION: High grade leucocyte infiltration in placenta tissues is associated with elevated levels of TNFalpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-8, p55, p75, IL-IRA and C-reactive protein in umbilical serum. The presence of neonatal disease is associated with advanced chorioamnionitis, and highly elevated levels of both pro- and antiinflammatory mediators in umbilical serum.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".