Incipient Ferromagnetism in<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>Tb</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>Ge</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>7</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>: Application of Chemical Pressure to the Enigmatic Spin-Liquid Compound<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>Tb</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>Ti</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>7</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
After nearly 20 years of study, the origin of the spin-liquid state in ${\mathrm{Tb}}_{2}{\mathrm{Ti}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{7}$ remains a challenge for experimentalists and theorists alike. To improve our understanding of the exotic magnetism in ${\mathrm{Tb}}_{2}{\mathrm{Ti}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{7}$, we synthesize a chemical pressure analog: ${\mathrm{Tb}}_{2}{\mathrm{Ge}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{7}$. Substitution of titanium by germanium results in a lattice contraction and enhanced exchange interactions. We characterize the magnetic ground state of ${\mathrm{Tb}}_{2}{\mathrm{Ge}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{7}$ with specific heat, ac and dc magnetic susceptibility, and polarized neutron scattering measurements. Akin to ${\mathrm{Tb}}_{2}{\mathrm{Ti}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{7}$, there is no long-range order in ${\mathrm{Tb}}_{2}{\mathrm{Ge}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{7}$ down to 20 mK. The Weiss temperature of $\ensuremath{-}19.2(1)\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{K}$, which is more negative than that of ${\mathrm{Tb}}_{2}{\mathrm{Ti}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{7}$, supports the picture of stronger antiferromagnetic exchange. Polarized neutron scattering of ${\mathrm{Tb}}_{2}{\mathrm{Ge}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{7}$ reveals that liquidlike correlations dominate in this system at 3.5 K. However, below 1 K, the liquidlike correlations give way to intense short-range ferromagnetic correlations with a length scale similar to the Tb-Tb nearest neighbor distance. Despite stronger antiferromagnetic exchange, the ground state of ${\mathrm{Tb}}_{2}{\mathrm{Ge}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{7}$ has ferromagnetic character, in stark contrast to the pressure-induced antiferromagnetic order observed in ${\mathrm{Tb}}_{2}{\mathrm{Ti}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{7}$.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.012 | 0.010 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.006 | 0.014 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.013 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.004 | 0.010 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.008 | 0.012 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.010 | 0.010 |
| Open science | 0.017 | 0.015 |
| Research integrity | 0.013 | 0.012 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.975 | 0.013 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".