Evaluation of Interleukin-4 Concentration by ELISA Is Influenced by the Consumption of IL-4 by Cultured Cells
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The ability to accurately measure cytokine secretion by immune cells is critical to the evaluation of immune mechanisms in the context of Th1 and Th2 responses. In this study, we demonstrated that in vitro consumption of interleukin-4 (IL-4) by stimulated cells influences the concentration of IL-4 in the culture supernatant. In contrast, evaluation of IL-4-secreting cells by ELISPOT is not influenced by the consumption of IL-4 by cultured cells. These discrepancies influence the cytokine profile when responses are evaluated in relation to the secretion of other cytokines, for example, interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma). This information ultimately should enable investigators to evaluate immune responses accurately without concerns of bias resulting from in vitro consumption of IL-4, thus providing much more reliable interpretations of the type of immune response being evaluated.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.005 | 0.008 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".