Formation of triacylglycerol core aldehydes during rapid oxidation of corn and sunflower oils with <i>tert</i>‐butyl hydroperoxide/Fe<sup>2+</sup>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The lipid ester core aldehydes formed during a rapid oxidation (7.8 M tert-butyl hydroperoxide, 90 min at 37 degrees C) of the triacylglycerols of purified corn and sunflower oils were isolated as dinitrophenylhydrazones by preparative thin-layer chromatography and identified by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with on-line electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and by reference to standards. A total of 113 species of triacylglycerol core aldehydes were specifically identified, accounting for 32-53% of the 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH)-reactive material of high molecular weight representing 25-33% of the total oxidation products. The major core aldehyde species (50-60% of total triacylglycerol core aldehydes) were the mono(9-oxo)nonanoyl- and mono(12-oxo)-9,10-epoxy dodecenoyl- or (12-oxo)-9-hydroxy-10,11-dodecenoyl-diacylglycerols. A significant proportion of the total (9-oxo)nonanoyl and epoxidized (12-oxo)-9,10-dodecenoyl core aldehydes was found in complex combinations with hydroperoxy or hydroxy fatty acyl groups (6-10% of total triacylglycerol core aldehydes). Identified were also di(9-oxo)nonanoylmonoacylglycerols (0.5% of total) and tri(9-oxo)nonanoylglycerols (trace). The identification of the oxoacylglycerols was consistent with the products anticipated from tert-butyl hydroperoxide oxidation of the major species of corn and sunflower oil triacylglycerols (mainly linoleoyl esters). However, the anticipated (13-oxo)-9,11-tridecadienoyl aldehyde-containing acylglycerols were absent because of further oxidation of the dienoic core aldehyde. A significant proportion of the unsaturated triacylglycerol core aldehydes contained tert-butyl groups linked to the unsaturated fatty chains via peroxide bridges (2-9%). The study demonstrates that rapid peroxidation with tert-butyl hydroperoxide constitutes an effective method for enriching natural oils and fats in triacylglycerol core aldehydes for biochemical and metabolic testing.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".