Emigration, Upstream Movement, and Habitat Use by Sterile and Fertile Sea Lampreys in Three Lake Superior Tributaries
Bibliographic record
Abstract
To investigate upstream spawning migration behavior of fertile and sterilized sea lampreys Petromyzon marinus, we attached radio transmitters to 149 sea lampreys, released them in three tributaries of Lake Superior between 1993 and 1996, and followed their movements for up to 60 d. Emigration from spawning streams was variable between years and streams (10–50% of releases within a stream), appeared to be affected by the length of unimpeded stream, and was not affected by the sterilization procedure. Most sea lampreys that stayed in the streams moved upstream (64%), the majority moving between 2200 and 0300 hours. Total distance traveled, daily movement rates, and habitat selected by sea lampreys did not differ between fertile males and sterile males. In all streams, sea lampreys selected habitat with significantly reduced light levels and made use of habitat providing refugia—brush piles, overhanging banks, and boulders. Differences in emigration rates among streams implies that stocking rates of sterile male sea lampreys may have to be adjusted by stream to achieve expected suppression of larval sea lamprey production.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".