A quality of service model for IEEE 802.11p communication protocol in a smart city
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A reliable and time-efficient communication system between vehicles and infrastructure is an indispensable issue in the development of a smart city. The vehicles must have the ability to transmit and receive urgent messages with low latency. Infrastructures such as hospitals and police stations should be equipped with base stations capable of communicating in near real-time fashion with vehicles. In addition to that, in a smart grid scenario, this is especially important between the power charging station and the Electric Vehicles (EVs), Nowadays the best standard that is designed to operate in a vehicular environment is the IEEE 802.11p standard. It is a contention-based Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol that provides Quality of Service (QoS) for Wireless Access in the Vehicular Environment (WAVE). In this paper we propose a low-latency version of this protocol by introducing a finite buffer at the MAC level that momentarily stocks the packets coming from the application layer. Our proposed architecture is modeled with a Markov chain analytical method. Our results show an enhancement in the performance in terms of the end-to-end delay and an improvement in the throughput.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".