Bibliographic record
Abstract
The title of this Thematic Series brings to the minds of most organic chemists the beautifully logical aromatic electrophilic substitution (SEAr) [1–5] and, to a lesser extent, nucleophilic aromatic substitution (SNAr) [2,6–7] reactions as taught to many generations of students in their first organic chemistry courses [8] (Fig. 1). Being less steeped in history, radical nucleophilic substitution (SRN1) [9] and vicarious nucleophilic substitution (VNS) [10–12], in spite of their considerable synthetic utility, are given sparse mention. By the time students reach the upper years of study, aromatic chemistry receives the label “classical” and is disregarded or relegated to brief coverage. Apart from in English schools [13], heteroaromatic chemistry suffers the same fate. As a consequence, a fresh graduate entering the pharmaceutical industry, who invariably faces a complex aromatic or heteroaromatic as his or her first target molecule, is either lost or must grope around with insufficient background knowledge.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.057 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".