Should Plain X-rays be Routinely Performed After Blunt Knee Trauma? A Prospective Analysis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: We tested the hypothesis that it was possible to decrease the number of performed x-rays after a knee trauma without delayed fracture diagnosis by using the Ottawa knee rules. METHODS: Patients had routine x-rays of the injured knee during the first stage of the study and selective x-rays during the second stage. All patients were followed up to 6 months after the trauma. RESULTS: 138 patients were included in the first stage; 57 had negative Ottawa criteria: no fracture was observed; following the Ottawa rules, 41% of the x-rays could have been avoided. 178 patients were included in the second stage; 63 patients had negative Ottawa criteria: no fracture was diagnosed during the whole follow-up; 35% of the x-rays have been avoided. CONCLUSIONS: Ottawa rules allowed decreasing the number of x-rays performed after a knee trauma by 35% with a sensitivity for a knee fracture detection of 100%.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.013 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".