The effect of fracture aperture and flow rate ratios on two-phase flow in smooth-walled single fracture
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This work experimentally examines the co-current flow of oil and water in moderately oil-wet smooth-walled single fractures. The focus of our investigation is on studying the effects of varying fracture aperture and flow rate ratios on relative permeability to oil and water. The phase distribution and flow regimes within the fracture were closely monitored and found to vary with the flow rate ratio and total flow rate, and appeared to have a direct impact on the relative permeability. Experimental relative permeability data exhibited variations in shape indicating the effects of fracture aperture and flow ratios. Also, the data show the effects of oil–water phase interference, and phase saturation changes on the relative permeabilities for each fracture configuration. A couple of two-phase relative permeability models, namely, viscous coupling model, and homogenous single-phase approach, were tested against the experimental relative permeability data. This work provides insight into the nature of two-phase flow in a single fracture and could help in better modeling of more complex fracture networks.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".