Hypoglycemia-lnduced Inhibition of LH and Stimulation of ACTH Secretion in the Rhesus Monkey is Blocked by Alprazolam
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Insulin-induced hypoglycemia inhibits luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion and has been used as a model to study stress-induced inhibition of reproductive function. Endogenous opioid peptides have been implicated in mediating the inhibitory effect of hypoglycemia on LH secretion in sheep and rat. The objective of the present study was to determine if corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and endogenous opiates are involved in the LH response to hypoglycemia in the nonhuman primate. Blood samples were collected at 15-min intervals for 6 h from ovariectomized rhesus monkeys (n = 6). Hypoglycemia was induced by injecting insulin 1 h after initiating blood collection. Animals were pretreated 15 min prior to insulin with either saline (n = 6), naloxone, a nonselective opiate receptor antagonist (n = 4), or alprazolam (n = 6), a potent benzodiazepine which has been shown to inhibit CRH. The LH, glucose, adrenocorticotropin (ACTH), and cortisol responses to insulin were determined. Insulin-induced hypoglycemia significantly inhibited LH secretion and increased ACTH and cortisol concentrations. Alprazolam prevented hypoglycemia-induced inhibition of LH independent of an effect on glucose concentrations. The mean (+/- SEM) LH pulse interval in response to hypoglycemia was decreased in the alprazolam pretreated group compared to the saline pretreated group (77.4 +/- 6.0 vs. 130.0 +/- 18.4 min), while LH pulse amplitude and mean LH levels were significantly increased (56.2 +/- 7.1 vs. 28.3 +/- 5.5 ng/ml, and 105.6 +/- 14.4 vs. 60.9 +/- 12.1 ng/ml respectively). In contrast, naloxone did not prevent hypoglycemia-induced LH inhibition. The mean LH pulse interval, LH pulse amplitude, and LH concentration in the naloxone pretreated monkeys were 152.1 +/- 33.4 min, 37.1 +/- 8.9 ng/ml, and 63.7 +/- 9.1 ng/ml respectively. Alprazolam pretreatment also markedly attenuated the ACTH response to hypoglycemia whereas the cortisol response was only moderately affected. We conclude that insulin-induced hypoglycemia in the monkey inhibits LH secretion through a mechanism involving CRH but not endogenous opiates.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".