Horizontal Injection of Gas–Liquid Mixtures in a Water Tank
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Experiments were carried out to investigate the behavior of horizontal gas–liquid injection in a water tank. Measurements of bubble properties and mean liquid flow structure were obtained. The turbulence in the liquid phase appears to help generating bubbles with relatively uniform diameters of 1–4mm. Both bubble properties and mean liquid flow structure depended on the gas volume fraction and the densimetric Froude number at the nozzle exit. It was found that the bubbles strongly affected the trajectory of the water jet, which behaved similarly to single-phase buoyant jets. However, at gas volume fractions smaller than about 0.15, the water jet completely separated from the bubble core. Bubble slip velocity was also found to be higher than the terminal velocity for isolated bubbles reported in the literature. Dimensionless correlations were proposed to describe bubble characteristics and the trajectory of the bubble plumes and water jets as a function of the gas volume fraction and the densimetric Froude number. Finally, applications of the results for aeration/mixing purposes are presented.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it