Relationship Between Autonomic Nerve Activity And Distribution Of Leukocyte Subsets During Intensive Training.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The neutrophil and lymphocyte counts in the peripheral blood show opposite circadian patterns. These changes reflect corresponding changes in sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve activity, respectively. PURPOSE: We determined the impact of intensive training on autonomic nerve activity and the distribution of leukocyte subsets, by examining changes in heart rate variability (HRV) and concentrations of catecholamine and cortisol, and leukocyte subset distributions. METHODS: Eight college-level female volleyball players undertook one-month of heavy pre-season training. Volleyball drills were performed 5 h/day, 6 days per week. Four morning resting blood samples were taken pre-training, on the 10th day of training, one day before the end of training and one week after training. Before collecting each blood sample, the R-R interval was also measured in a sitting position. RESULTS: Circulating neutrophil and lymphocyte counts did not change throughout the experiment, except for a small subset of natural killer (NK) cell (CD56bright NK cell), that we previously reported. Peripheral blood concentrations of adrenaline, noradrenaline and cortisol also remained unaltered. HRV data showed no changes in natural log transformed (ln) high frequency (HF), low frequency (LF), LF/HF or total power (TP) but when data were pooled and plotted together, the levels of neutrophils (r=0.562, p<0.001), adrenaline (r=0.375, p=0.034) and noradrenaline (r=0.471, p=0.007) were negatively correlated with ln TP. DISCUSSION: Our previous report showed increased CD56bright NK cells with decreased cytotoxicity at the end of training. On the other hand, in the present study we found no impact of intensive training on autonomic nerve activity and leukocyte subsets. However, homeostatic regulation might be reflected in the relationships between autonomic nerve activity and neutrophil and catecholamine concentrations. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that one-month of intensive training does not affect HRV indices, concentrations of catecholamines, cortisol or major components of leukocyte at rest. Supported by the Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research C-2, 11680058, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".