Kinetic Studies of Spreading DMPC Vesicles at the Air−Solution Interface Using Film Pressure Measurements
Bibliographic record
Abstract
DMPC vesicles were injected into a 50 mM NaF solution in water, and the kinetics of a monolayer formation at the air-solution interface was investigated by measuring changes of the film pressure, pi, as a function of time. The studies were carried out in temperature range from 5 to 35 degrees C. The solutions were stirred in order to eliminate the mass transport limitations. Under these conditions, the monolayer formation was controlled by the surface processes only. At temperatures above the critical temperature Tc, compression isotherms were measured and used to convert the pi-t curves into the gamma-t plots, with gamma being the surface concentration of DMPC. These kinetic data indicate that the monolayer formation involves fast rupture of vesicles and formation of a constant number of disk-shaped monolayer islands at the air-solution interface that grow with a constant radial rate. At higher coverages, the growth is restricted by the availability of the monolayer-free surface area. At temperatures below Tc, the pi-t curves cannot be converted into the gamma-t plots. Here the kinetics can be discussed only qualitatively. The data indicate that the kinetics of the monolayer formation involves two steps. Initially, an expanded film is formed. At higher film pressures, the expanded film is slowly transformed into a liquid condensed state.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".