M-CSF accelerates orthodontic tooth movement by targeting preosteoclasts in mice
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To test the use of macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), an early osteoclast recruitment/differentiation factor, in increasing the rate of osteoclastic recruitment and differentiation as a means of accelerating tooth movement. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The distribution of osteoclasts and their precursors in the periodontal ligament (PDL) of teeth was initially characterized in a mouse model by immunohistochemical expression analyses of markers of osteoclast differentiation. We next administered two different dosages of M-CSF in the PDL of molars subject to force. Tooth movement was measured and correlated with changes in expression of M-CSF downstream genes in the PDL. RESULTS: We found that monocytes may have differentiated into preosteoclasts before being recruited to the PDL during the lag phase of tooth movement, and an influx of multinucleated osteoclasts occurred after 6 days. The lower dose of M-CSF was found to be most effective in increasing the amount of tooth movement and expression of M-CSF downstream genes and TRAP, an osteoclast marker. In contrast, administration of a higher dose of M-CSF resulted in a decrease in the expression of one gene downstream of M-CSF and possible inhibition of osteoclast formation. CONCLUSIONS: Exogenous administration of optimal dosages of M-CSF to orthodontically moved teeth provides potential for clinical studies in accelerating tooth movement.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it