HQ Asymmetric Super Capacitor: Graphite-Li4Ti5O12/Ionic Liquid/Carbon
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Hybrid supercapacitor that contain high-surface-area carbon and metal oxide electrodes are attracting interest for use in electrochemical devices. Metal oxide electrodes containing Li4Ti5O12 in liquid electrolytes (ionic liquid or nonaqueous liquid) were investigated. A new procedure developed at Hydro Quebec produced Li4Ti5O12 powders with diameters in the range of 100 nm. At high-rate (1 minute) charge-discharge, the hybrid supercapacitor had an average voltage of about 2.21 V, with 85% nominal capacity. These hybrid supercapacitors also exhibited a very long cycle life of >20,000 cycles at high- rate charge-discharge. The results of this study demonstrate that the Li4Ti5O12-based electrochemical system has attractive characteristics for high-power application such as in portable devices and HEVs
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".