Bulldog Ants of the Eocene Okanagan Highlands and History of the Subfamily (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmeciinae)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The presence of the ant subfamily Myrmeciinae is established in the Early Eocene (Ypresian) Okanagan Highlands localities of Horsefly River, Falkland, McAbee (British Columbia, Canada) and Republic (Washington state, United States) and in the Mo-clay Ølst and Fur Formations (Denmark). Nine new species in four new genera (three orthotaxa: Ypresiomyrma n. gen., Avitomyrmex n. gen., and Macabeemyrma n. gen.; one parataxon: Myrmeciites n. gen.) are described. Seven are placed in the Myrmeciinae: Ypresiomyrma orbiculata n. sp., Ypresiomyrma bartletti n. sp., Avitomyrmex elongatus n. sp., Avitomyrmex mastax n. sp., Avitomyrmex systenus n. sp., Macabeemyrma ovata n. sp., and Myrmeciites herculeanus n. sp.; two further species are tentatively placed in the subfamily, Myrmeciites (?) tabanifluviensis n. sp. from Horsefly River, and Myrmeciites (?) goliath n. sp. from McAbee. Two further myrmeciine ants are treated as Myrmeciites incertae sedis, a male from Falkland and a female (worker or queen) from Republic. Pachycondyla rebekkae Rust and Andersen, from the earliest Ypresian of Denmark, is reassigned to the genus Ypresiomyrma, within the Myrmeciinae. The fossil record indicates a northern hemisphere origin of the subfamily. The presence of Ypresiomyrma in Denmark and British Columbia further reflects the well-documented Paleogene cross-North Atlantic distributions of biota. The known fossil record of the Myrmeciinae is restricted to the Eocene.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".