INVESTIGATION OF SUBCOOLEDWATER DISCHARGE THROUGH SIMULATED STEAM GENERATOR TUBE CRACKS
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The work presented here describes an investigation into the choked flow of initially subscriptcooled water through simulated steam generator tube cracks at pressures up to 7 MPa. The study of such flow is relevant to the prediction of leak flow rates from a nuclear reactor primary side to secondary side through cracks in steam generator tubes. A facility was designed to measure the leak rates and experiments were conducted on choking flow for various vessel pressures and subscriptcooling. Measurements were done on subscriptcooled flashing flow rate through well-defined simulated crack geometries with ratio of channel length to hydraulic diameter between 4.5 and 7. Both homogeneous equilibrium and non-equilibrium mechanistic models were developed to predict two-phase choking flow through slits. Experimental results from data found in literature as well as the data collected in this work are compared with predictions from presented models. It is found that the homogeneous equilibrium model underpredicts choked flow rates of subscriptcooled water through slits and artificial steam generator tube cracks. Additional modeling of thermal non-equilibrium improves the predictability of choking mass flux for the homogeneous model.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".