Three-Dimensional Electrokinetic Focusing in a Planar Microstructure
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Hydrodynamic focusing is commonly employed to reduce the cross-sectional area of a microfluidic sample stream. Two-dimensional focusing is achieved by combining a central sample stream with a buffer sheathing flow on adjacent sides of a standard microfluidic cross chip. This method of on-chip hydrodynamic focusing is the most common, perhaps due to the relative ease and popularity of planar microfluidic chip fabrication methods. The application of two-dimensional focusing to on-chip flow cytometry is limited for two reasons: Firstly, the degree of focusing obtained is limited by the microchannel depth. Secondly, many biological analytes adhere to channel walls mitigating the optical measurements. Three-dimensional focusing can both increase the focus intensity, and minimize interaction between the analyte stream and the channel walls in the viewed region. In this work, a new method is presented for obtaining three-dimensional hydrodynamic focusing on a planar microfluidic geometry using strategically placed surface charge patches. Numerical simulations are employed to show the concentration profiles resulting from the local flow circulations induced by the surface patches in an electrokinetically-driven flow.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".