Hemodynamic after-effects of acute dynamic exercise in sedentary normotensive postmenopausal women
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To determine, in sedentary normotensive postmenopausal women, the after-effects of exercise on systemic and regional hemodynamics, and whether changes in total peripheral conductance after exercise relate to changes in brachial artery flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD). METHODS: In 13 sedentary postmenopausal women, the blood pressure (BP), cardiac output, total peripheral resistance and total peripheral conductance, calf vascular resistance and FMD were measured during baseline rest, and again commencing 45 min after treadmill exercise. Fourteen premenopausal women completed the identical protocol to obtain reference values for the after-effects of exercise in healthy females. RESULTS: In postmenopausal women, exercise was followed by falls in systolic BP (P < 0.01) and diastolic BP (P < 0.001). BP did not fall after exercise in premenopausal women. In both groups the cardiac output (P < 0.01) increased and the calf vascular resistance (P < 0.01) and total peripheral resistance (P < 0.05) decreased after exercise, but resistance fell more (P < 0.05) in postmenopausal women. Baseline FMD was greater in premenopausal women (12.1 +/- 1.5 versus 5.3 +/- 1.3%, P < 0.01), and similar before and after exercise, whereas prior exercise nearly doubled the FMD of postmenopausal women (to 9.9 +/- 1.4%, P < 0.01). These increases in FMD correlated with baseline values (r = -0.75, P < 0.01) and with relative changes in total peripheral conductance (r = 0.72, P < 0.02). The latter relationship was absent in premenopausal women (r = -0.29). CONCLUSIONS: In postmenopausal women, acute dynamic exercise elicits sustained increases in FMD that could facilitate post-exercise hypotension in this population. These observations reinforce the concept of exercise as an important non-pharmacological intervention to modify cardiovascular risk in postmenopausal women.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".