Effect of jasmonate‐induced plant responses on the natural enemies of herbivores
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Summary Plant traits can act as defences against herbivores both by reducing herbivore performance directly and by increasing the effectiveness of the natural enemies of herbivores. Natural enemy performance and rate of parasitism can be affected by plant traits and/or changes in herbivore quality. Jasmonic acid is responsible for the induction of many changes in plant resistance that occur following herbivore attack. This study examines the effects of jasmonate‐induced defences on the abundance and performance of natural enemies, as well as the interaction between induced plant responses and parasitism in their ability to kill herbivores. In a tomato field containing plants induced with jasmonic acid and control plants, the abundance of natural enemies was counted using several census techniques. Induced resistance affected the abundance of natural enemies of herbivores differently. One predator of aphids, syrphid flies, was negatively affected by the decrease in herbivore abundance on induced plants. One parasitoid of caterpillars, Hyposoter exiguae Viereck, was not affected by induced resistance in this study although it was positively affected in a previous study. Two other natural enemies, a parasitoid of aphids and ladybeetle predators, were not affected by induced resistance. Induced resistance and parasitism both reduced the survivorship of herbivores. In a 2 × 2 factorial design with induced resistance crossed by parasitism, the interaction between the effects of induced resistance and parasitism on herbivore survival was tested. Two trials of this experiment were conducted; one where induced resistance affected both herbivore quantity and quality and one where induced resistance only affected herbivore quality (herbivore density was equalized). Parasitoids were more effective at killing herbivores feeding on control plants than herbivores on induced plants. This difference was due to a difference in herbivore quality, not herbivore quantity. Herbivores feeding on induced plants have lower mass than herbivores on control plants and this appears to be a major factor reducing the performance of developing parasitic wasps. Thus, jasmonate‐induced responses influence natural enemies species in differing ways, sometimes reducing the density of herbivores and sometimes reducing the quality of herbivores for natural enemies.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it