Effect of jasmonate‐induced plant responses on the natural enemies of herbivores
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Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Summary Plant traits can act as defences against herbivores both by reducing herbivore performance directly and by increasing the effectiveness of the natural enemies of herbivores. Natural enemy performance and rate of parasitism can be affected by plant traits and/or changes in herbivore quality. Jasmonic acid is responsible for the induction of many changes in plant resistance that occur following herbivore attack. This study examines the effects of jasmonate‐induced defences on the abundance and performance of natural enemies, as well as the interaction between induced plant responses and parasitism in their ability to kill herbivores. In a tomato field containing plants induced with jasmonic acid and control plants, the abundance of natural enemies was counted using several census techniques. Induced resistance affected the abundance of natural enemies of herbivores differently. One predator of aphids, syrphid flies, was negatively affected by the decrease in herbivore abundance on induced plants. One parasitoid of caterpillars, Hyposoter exiguae Viereck, was not affected by induced resistance in this study although it was positively affected in a previous study. Two other natural enemies, a parasitoid of aphids and ladybeetle predators, were not affected by induced resistance. Induced resistance and parasitism both reduced the survivorship of herbivores. In a 2 × 2 factorial design with induced resistance crossed by parasitism, the interaction between the effects of induced resistance and parasitism on herbivore survival was tested. Two trials of this experiment were conducted; one where induced resistance affected both herbivore quantity and quality and one where induced resistance only affected herbivore quality (herbivore density was equalized). Parasitoids were more effective at killing herbivores feeding on control plants than herbivores on induced plants. This difference was due to a difference in herbivore quality, not herbivore quantity. Herbivores feeding on induced plants have lower mass than herbivores on control plants and this appears to be a major factor reducing the performance of developing parasitic wasps. Thus, jasmonate‐induced responses influence natural enemies species in differing ways, sometimes reducing the density of herbivores and sometimes reducing the quality of herbivores for natural enemies.
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Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découle