Estimate of the steric contribution to global sea level rise from a comparison of the WOCE one‐time survey with 2006–2008 Argo observations
Bibliographic record
Abstract
It is well known from observations by altimetric satellites (predominantly TOPEX/Poseidon andJason-1) that global sea level is rising.What is less well known is exactly how the observed sea level rise is partitioned between a steric contribution (sea level rising because of changes in ambient temperature and salinity) and a contribution arising from the addition of new water mass to the oceans.Strictly speaking, such a separation is not possible because of the non-linearity in the equation of state for sea water, but in practice the non-linearities are sufficiently small to allow this separation as a very good first approximation.A careful comparison of the World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE) one-time survey with recent observations by the Argo array indicate a steric component to sea level rise of 2.2 mm y -1 between the early 1990s and 2006 to 2008. This is a significantly larger rise rate than previously estimated and, along with recent estimates of melt rate from ice sheets, is in much closer agreement with the total rise rate as reported by altimetric satellites, 3.2 0.4 mm y -1 over this period. RSUM [Traduit par la rdaction] Les satellites altimtriques (en particulier le TOPEX/Poseidon et leJason-1) montrent sans quivoque que le niveau des mers du globe s'lve.Il est plus difficile, toutefois, de savoir dans quelle mesure cette hausse est attribuable un effet strique (lvation du niveau de la mer rsultant de changements dans la temprature et la salinit ambiantes) et dans quelle mesure elle est attribuable l'addition d'une nouvelle masse d'eau aux ocans. proprement parler, il n'est pas possible de faire une telle distinction cause de la non-linarit dans l'quation d'tat de l'eau de mer, mais sur le plan pratique, les non-linarits sont suffisamment petites pour que cette distinction constitue une trs bonne premire approximation.Une comparaison minutieuse du relev occupation simple de l'Exprience sur la circulation ocanique mondiale (ECOM) avec des observations rcentes du rseau Argo indique une composante strique d'lvation du niveau de la mer de 2,2 mm a -1 entre le dbut des annes 1990 et 2006 2008.C'est l un taux d'lvation nettement plus important que ce qui avait t estim auparavant et, compte tenu des estimations rcentes du taux de fonte des glaciers continentaux, il s'accorde beaucoup mieux avec le taux d'lvation total observ par les satellites altimtriques, qui est de 3,2 0,4 mm a -1 au cours de cette priode.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".