Fabrication and characterization of ionic polymer gel actuators
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Poly-AMPS (PAMPS) gel was fabricated and its electroactive behavior was studied. A weakly cross-linked anionic PAMPS gel was produced by radical polymerization using 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) monomers, where N,N'-methlenebisacrylamide (MBAA) and α -ketoglutaric acid were used as a cross-linking agent and a radical initiator, respectively. The polymerization was carried out at 55°C for at least 24 hours. Density and the degree of swelling of gel samples were investigated as physical properties. Also, swelling experiments were conducted in a surfactant solution using 1-dodecylpyridinium chloride hydrate. The chemo-mechanical properties of PAMPS gel were studied in a dilute surfactant solution under the electric field. The effect of material parameters on the bending deformation was investigated. As design parameters, sample thickness, current density, ion concentration of the surfactant solution, and cross-linking degree of gel were chosen, and the effect of these parameters on the actuation was studied.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".