WE‐C‐330A‐05: Segmentation of Radioactive Seed in 3D Ultrasound Images for Intraoperative LDR Prostate Brachytherapy
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Purpose: Develop and evaluate an algorithm to automatically localize implanted radioactive seeds in 3D ultrasound images for dynamic intraoperative low dose rate (LDR) brachytherapy procedures, in which all phases of the procedure are performed in one session to deal with variability in the current prostate brachytherapy. Method and Materials: Intraoperative seed segmentation in 3D TRUS images is achieved by performing a subtraction of the image before the needle has been inserted, and the image after the seeds have been implanted. The seeds are searched through a thresholding operation in a “local” space determined by the needle position and orientation information, which are obtained from a needle segmentation algorithm. To test this approach, 3D TRUS images of the agar and chicken tissue phantoms were obtained. Within these phantoms, dummy seeds were implanted. The seed locations determined by the seed segmentation algorithm were compared with those obtained from a volumetric cone‐beam flat‐panel micro‐CT scanner and human observers. Results: Evaluation of the algorithm showed that, the rms error in determining the seed locations using the seed segmentation algorithm was 0.98mm in agar phantoms, and 1.02mm in chicken phantoms. In both agar and chicken phantoms, 100% of the implanted seeds were correctly identified using the seed segmentation algorithm. Conclusions: The seed segmentation algorithm is insensitive to different materials, as the errors of the algorithm are almost the same in agar and chicken phantoms. This work indicates the potential to achieve an intraoperative post‐implant dosimetry. Integration of this algorithm into a clinical brachytherapy system is now ongoing and clinical testing with patients will take place in the near future.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".