Comparison of the Therapeutic Efficacy of Diclofenac Sodium and Methyl Salicylate Phonophoresis in the Management of Knee Osteoarthritis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objectives: This study aims to investigate and compare the effectiveness of diclofenac sodium phonophoresis (DSPH), methyl salicylate phonophoresis (MSPH) and conventional therapeutic ultrasound (TUS) in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA). Patients and methods: Forty-five patients (8 males, 37 females; mean age 57.5 years; range 51 to 64 years) were included in this study between October 2008 and June 2009 and randomly assigned to three groups: DSPH, MSPH and TUS. Ultrasound waves of 1 MHz frequency and 1 watts/cm2 were applied to the target knee with either of two topical pain relieving gels as a coupling medium. Acoustic gel without any active pharmacological agent was applied in the TUS group. Ten treatment sessions were performed in all patients in the three groups. Western Ontario McMaster University Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) scores, 20-meter walking time and knee range of motion (ROM) were evaluated before and after the treatment using paired t-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results: The clinical outcome measures improved significantly in the three groups post-treatment (p0.05). Conclusion: Significant improvements in pain, stiffness, physical function, walking time and knee ROM were attained in all the three groups post-intervention. However, DSPH was found to be more effective compared with the other two groups. The degree of improvement in MSPH and TUS therapy was similar; MSPH was not superior to TUS in patients with knee OA.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".