Behavior of branch-rotated T joints with cold-formed square hollow sections
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
An experimental investigation of branch-rotated T joints was carried out in which the branch was rotated by 45° with respect to its longitudinal axis. The main experimental parameters were the ratio of the width of the branch to the width of the chord, β′, with 0.38 ≤ β′ ≤ 1.00, and the ratio of the width of the chord to the thickness of the chord, 2γ, with 16.7 ≤ 2γ ≤ 33.3. Experimental results from 27 specimens showed that the ultimate strength increases and the failure mode changes under compression loading due to the rotated branch. The failure modes were out-of-plane bending yielding of the upper flange of the chord for β′ ≤ 0.85 and buckling of the chord web for 0.85 < β′ ≤ 1.00. Theoretical analysis was then carried out to compute the ultimate strength using a yield-line model for β′ ≤ 0.85 and web buckling model for β′ = 1.00. Linear interpolation was used for 0.85 < β′ < 1.00. Design formulas are presented for estimating the strength of T joints with a rotated branch.Key words: hollow structural section, truss T joint connections, yield-line instability, chord web instability, design equations.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it