Determination of Thermodynamic Parameters of Zinc (II) Adsorpton on Pulp Waste as Biosorbent
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Dried pulp waste, a manufactured solid waste by product was used as a biosorbent for the removal zinc (II) from aqueous solution. A series of experiments were conducted in a batch system to evaluate the thermodynamic parameters of the pulp waste for zinc (II) removal at an initial pH value of 6.0, ZnCl2 concentration of 50-200 ppm and temperature 30-50 °C. Thermodynamic parameters, such as Gibbs free energy change (ΔG°), enthalpy (ΔH°) and entropy (ΔS°), evaluation of zinc (II) adsorption on pulp waste showed that the adsorption process under the selected conditions was spontaneous and endothermic nature for all concentration and temperature studied. The activation energy of zinc (II) adsorption (Ea) was determined using modified Arrhenius equation as 1.89, 3.76, 4.73 and 6.46 kJ/mol at different concentration 50, 100, 150 and 200 ppm, respectively. The sticking probability (SP*) was also evaluated.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".