The imperative of fiscal sharing transfers
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Equalising transfers from central governments to subnational governments are features of the fiscal arrangements of many federations. It is argued that these transfers are necessary complements to systems of interpersonal redistribution. They facilitate the process of decentralisation by enabling subnational jurisdictions to exercise their autonomy in ways that do not detract from national objectives of equity and efficiency. This is because decentralisation inevitably results in subnational jurisdictions taking on tasks that have consequences for the attainment of these objectives, and it also results in different jurisdictions having differing fiscal capacity to deliver the services assigned to them. The benefits and costs of fiscal decentralisation are summarised. Properly designed fiscal sharing schemes enable the benefits of decentralisation to be achieved without incurring all the costs. Some of the features of fiscal sharing schemes that might accomplish this are outlined.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it