Development of a Novel Submerged Membrane Electro-Bioreactor (SMEBR): Performance for Fouling Reduction
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A novel Submerged Membrane Electro-Bioreactor (SMEBR) was developed to treat wastewater and control the problem of membrane fouling. To validate the new design, experimental work was achieved in a few phases. This paper describes the design constraints and criteria of the new developed SMEBR system, and shows the results of the performance of the SMEBR system to reduce membrane fouling when intermittent direct current (DC) (15 min ON/45 min OFF) was applied using cylindrical iron mesh for both electrodes. Application of the SMEBR system enhanced the membrane filterability by reducing the fouling rate up to 16.3% without any backwashing of the membrane module. The improvement in membrane filterability associated with a decrease in zeta potential of the mixed liquor flocs from -30.5 up to -15.3 mV and a decrease in specific resistance to filtration (SRF) up to 40% was observed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".