Effect of androgen deficiency on mouse ventricular repolarization
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that female mouse ventricles have longer action potential durations (APDs) than males. This delayed repolarization results from a lower current density of the ultrarapid delayed rectifier K(+) current (I(K,ur)) and a lower expression level of its underlying K(+) channel (Kv1.5). To evaluate whether this sex difference could be attributable to the action of male sex hormones, we studied the effect of androgen deficiency on ventricular repolarization. We compared cardiac electrophysiological properties in castrated (orchiectomized; ORC) and control (CTL) male mice. Q-Tc intervals as well as APDs measured at 20 %, 50 % and 90 % of repolarization were all significantly longer in ORC than in CTL. The current density of I(K,ur) was significantly lower in ORC than in CTL (at +50 mV, ORC: 29 +/- 4 pA pF(-1), n = 25; CTL: 48 +/- 5 pA pF(-1), n = 17; P = 0.006). In contrast, all the other K(+) currents present in mouse ventricular myocytes were comparable between ORC and CTL. Moreover, results of Western blot analysis showed a lower expression level of Kv1.5 protein in ORC but no difference between the two groups for the other K(+) channels studied. This study demonstrates that androgen deficiency leads to a reduction in the density of I(K,ur) and Kv1.5 in mouse ventricle, and consequently, to prolongation of APD and Q-Tc interval. In conclusion, these findings strongly suggest that male sex hormones contribute to the sex difference that we previously reported in cardiac repolarization in adult mouse heart.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".