Wake Formation From a Pair of Circular Cylinders Traversing Between Small- and Large-Incidence Flow Regimes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Cross flow past a pair of equal-diameter staggered circular cylinders, with either one of the pair subject to forced harmonic transverse oscillation, is investigated experimentally within Reynolds numbers Re = 525–750. The center-to-center pitch ratio and stagger angle of the cylinders at their mean position are 2.5° and 21°, respectively. Results with cylinder excitation frequencies in the range 0.07 ≤ feD/U ≤ 1.18 (D = cylinder diameter, U = mean flow velocity) at a constant oscillation amplitude (peak-to-peak) of 0.44D are reported. Flow visualization of the wake formation region and hot-film measurements of the wake velocity are reported. Emphasis is placed on the mechanisms leading to vortex shedding. Results show that the wake undergoes considerable modification with the oscillation of either of the two cylinders; this modification depends strongly on the value of feD/U. The flow patterns remain essentially the same as those of the corresponding static cases for feD/U < 0.10. However, the flow at higher oscillation frequencies than that can no longer maintain those patterns. In particular, there are distinct regions of fundamental and superharmonic synchronizations between the dominant wake periodicities and the cylinder oscillation over the whole range of feD/U. Moreover, the manner in which the wake responds to the cylinder oscillation depends strongly on whether it is the upstream or downstream cylinder which is being oscillated.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".