A High-Resolution H [CSC]i[/CSC] Study of the Interstellar Medium Local to HD 193793
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A 2° field centered at the optical position of the Wolf-Rayet (WR) star HD 193793 (≡ WR 140) was surveyed in the H I 21 cm line and in the 1420 MHz radio continuum, using the Dominion Radio Astrophysical Observatory interferometer. The aim of this observations was to look for evidence of an interaction between the WR star and its local interstellar medium (ISM). Our H I data displays a large oval minimum at a velocity of V sys ≃ -12 km s -1 , close to the optical position of HD 193793. We believe this H I void was created by WR 140 and its massive companion (HD 193793 is a member of a well-known binary system). The major axis of the H I void is ∼11.5 pc and its axial ratio, the ratio of major to minor axis, is ∼1.4. This structure is observable over a velocity range of around 11 km s -1 . The H I minimum appears surrounded by a clumpy shell of H I in emission that has a total mass of neutral hydrogen of M HI ∼ 1300 solar masses. The kinematical distance corresponding to a local standard of rest velocity of -12 km s -1 is approximately 5.4 kpc, which disagrees with the distance of HD 193793, namely, around 1 kpc. Therefore, it is concluded that the H I bubble was blown in an ISM having nonnegligible peculiar motions. Hipparcos proper-motion measurements indicate that HD 193793 has a tangential velocity of 28 ± 3 km s -1 along the major axis of one of the H I minima detected in the interior of the main H I cavity. To reconcile this motion with the physical size of the H I structure blown by the winds of the binary system, it is concluded that such tangential velocity was acquired by the system a short while ago, namely, ∼1.3 × 10 5 yr. Maps from the IRAS database show a large-scale IR feature, with good spatial correlation with the H I shell surrounding the main H I void. We believe the emission from the IR shell arises from dust grains heated by the energetic stellar continuum photons emitted by the stellar objects.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".