Enhanced Expression of Alpha-Fetoprotein Gene in Cultured Rat Liver Epithelial Cells Treated with N-Methyl-N’-Nitro-N-Nitrosoguanidine
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The expression of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) gene in a cultured normal rat liver epithelial cell line (WB-F344) and its chemical carcinogen-treated clonal derivatives was examined. WB-F344 cells expressed low levels of AFP and albumin mRNAs. Clonal cell strains and tumor cell lines derived from WB-F344 cells which had been treated multiple times with N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) showed heterogeneous levels of expression of AFP mRNA. Enhanced expression was seen in 8 of 18 (44%) cell strains/lines which expressed high gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) activity, and in 4 of 6 (67%) of GGT-negative cell strains/lines. Southern blot analyses of DNAs after digestion by HpaII endonuclease indicated that MNNG-treated cells frequently showed hypomethylation of the AFP gene. Tumor cell lines derived from WB-F344 cells which were transformed by a single treatment with MNNG consistently expressed higher levels of AFP mRNA than tumor cell lines derived from spontaneously transformed WB-F344 cells. These results suggest that enhanced expression of AFP in MNNG-treated cultured rat liver epithelial cells may be related to the effect of treatment with this carcinogen, which is known to induce DNA hypomethylation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".