Prospects and developments in cell and embryo laser nanosurgery
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Recently, there has been increasing interest in the application of femtosecond (fs) laser pulses to the study of cells, tissues and embryos. This review explores the developments that have occurred within the last several years in the fields of cell and embryo nanosurgery. Each of the individual studies presented in this review clearly demonstrates the nondestructiveness of fs laser pulses, which are used to alter both cellular and subcellular sites within simple cells and more complicated multicompartmental embryos. The ability to manipulate these model systems noninvasively makes applied fs laser pulses an invaluable tool for developmental biologists, geneticists, cryobiologists, and zoologists. We are beginning to see the integration of this tool into life sciences, establishing its status among molecular and genetic cell manipulation methods. More importantly, several studies demonstrating the versatility of applied fs laser pulses have established new collaborations among physicists, engineers, and biologists with the common intent of solving biological problems.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.004 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".