Connections between respiratory neurones in the neonatal rat transverse medullary slice studied with cross‐correlation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In the transverse medullary slice prepared from neonatal rats the hypoglossal nerve rootlets exhibit a bursting 'respiratory' rhythm as do neurones in the pre-Bötzinger complex (PBC). We used cross-correlation analysis of the rhythmic multiunit discharges recorded from hypoglossal nerve rootlets, hypoglossal nucleus neurones and PBC neurones to investigate the connections between these groups. All cross-correlograms computed between left and right hypoglossal nerves, and between hypoglossal neurones and contralateral hypoglossal nerves, displayed central peaks with broad half-amplitude widths (mean +/- S.D. of 29.6 +/- 10.4 and 37.3 +/- 6.0 ms, respectively), which we interpreted as evidence for activation from a common source. Five of the 18 cross-correlograms computed between left and right PBC neurones displayed peaks either side of time zero with narrower half-amplitude widths (mean +/- S.D. of 9.3 +/- 1.9 ms) superimposed on broader central peaks, which we interpreted as evidence for mutual excitation and common activation, respectively. Cross-correlograms computed between PBC neurones and contralateral hypoglossal neurones or nerves did not display consistent features, but some of those computed between PBC and ipsilateral hypoglossal neurones (two of eight) or nerves (two of five) displayed peaks with broad half-amplitude widths (mean +/- S.D. of 36.8 +/- 6.9 ms), offset from time zero by 6 ms (except for one at 18 ms), which we interpreted as evidence for excitation of hypoglossal neurones and motoneurones by PBC neurones. We concluded that rhythm is synchronised between left and right sides by mutual excitatory connections between left and right PBC neurones. The rhythm is transmitted to ipsilateral hypoglossal neurones by a paucisynaptic pathway. Both hypoglossal neurones and PBC neurones receive a common activation from as yet unidentified sources.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".