Influence of Initial and Boundary Conditions on Solute Transport through Undisturbed Soil Columns
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The effect of initial soil water content (θ) and steady and transient water flow boundary conditions (J w ) on the transport of identical solute pulses was examined in four undisturbed soil columns. Solute breakthrough curves (BTCs) and θ were monitored nondestructively using time domain reflectometry (TDR). Pulse concentrations were predicted from TDR impedances (Ω) using either a steady J w calibration or a transient J w calibration. The steady J w calibration, β s , was estimated from the steady J w BTC. The transient calibration, β(θ), was estimated from the changes in Ω −1 (θ) between three different calibrating solutions of Cl − (1.106, 1.503, and 1.900 g L −1 ) in the pore space. All β(θ) curves had a very similar decreasing curvilinear shape. At one location the β(θ) curve was high and residual water was not completely replaced by the calibrating solutions. The steady J w calibration values were generally slightly lower than the equivalent β(θ) value, but collectively they followed a similar decreasing curvilinear trend with steady θ s Solute applied to initially dry soil tended to lead the transient J w wetting front and breakthrough began with the start of cumulative drainage. These BTCs also had the greatest amount of BTC tailing. Solute applied to initially wet soil had less BTC tailing. The least amount of BTC spreading occurred during the steady J w condition. The two transient J w experiments had very similar distributions of solute with depth, despite the contrasting initial conditions. The pores actively transporting solute appear to be determined by the J w boundary condition.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".