Performance of UN Military Observer Teams: Does Victim Proximity Escalate Commitment to Saving Lives?
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract A field experiment examined the tactical peacekeeping behaviors of military-officer teams undergoing training as United Nations military observers. Teams encountered a simulated human-rights violation where two civilians were being abused. Proximity of the female civilian to the team leader was manipulated and significantly influenced teams' commitment to saving the civilians' lives. Proximity increased the frequency of behaviors that were specifically oriented toward saving the civilians' lives and did not increase confrontational behavior. Finally, trainees' performance assessments were lower if they intervened but failed to save lives than if they did little to intervene and also failed to save lives. Notes 1This aspect of design was constrained in this manner by the military training organization and not subject to modification by the research team. 2Proximity was independent of team size, χ2(1, N = 19) = 0.15, ns. There were seven three-member teams in each condition. 3On average, the intervention began 4.9 min (SD = 0.5) after the start of the scenario in the far condition, and 5.2 min (SD = 0.9) after the start of the scenario in the near condition, t(15) = 1.31, ns. In addition, on average, the duration of the intervention was 15.1 s (SD = 8.3) in the near condition, and 16.5 s (SD = 13.8) in the far condition, t(15) = 0.28, ns. 4On average, the scenario ended 8.3 min (SD = 4.1) after the end of the proximity manipulation in the far condition, and 8.3 min (SD = 5.1) after the end of that manipulation in the near condition, t(15) = 0.03, ns. 5All inferential statistics reported are for tests of directional hypotheses. Accordingly, we use an alpha level equal to .05 for one-tailed tests as our criterion for statistical significance in subsequent analyses. 6 r (= z/√n) is a nonparametric effect-size estimator for the Mann-Whitney U statistic (CitationField, 2005). *p < .05.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it